Artificial Insemination or A.I. is a controlled breeding process where semen from a chosen bull is placed into a cow’s reproductive tract. This happens by using specialized tools, and is done without natural breeding. For many years, farmers depended on the nature of mating between bulls and cows to have babies. However, when A.I. was created in the 1940s, they redirected their ways. A.I. allows farmers to add beneficial genetics like ones containing good milk productivity, easy calving, and disease resistance. It also allows farmers to save money by not having to feed a bull year-round, and it provides a safe alternative during mating to avoid any injuries that occur. Before doing the process of A.I., there are steps to prepare for it. First, you have to understand the cow’s reproductive anatomy. This includes their vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine horns, and ovaries. This is important because there has to be an accurate placement of the semen in their body for successful fertility. Next, cows go through a 21 day estrous cycle. Signs of this cycle include standing heat, swollen vulva, agitation, and snot discharge. Inseminating the cow roughly 12 hours after detecting the standing heat is the best time for conception. When it comes time to inseminate it is time to choose a high-quality semen. A.I. can be successful based on skill, cleanliness, and reproduction organization. Well-managed A.I. progresses can reach conception rates of 70 to 90 percent, while natural breeding can vary 55 percent.